Concussions are a hidden threat plaguing the world of youth sports. While the image of a football player knocked unconscious might spring to mind, the reality is far more subtle. A concussion can occur from any blow to the head, even seemingly minor ones, and doesn’t always involve a loss of consciousness.

Thousands of young athletes suffer concussions each year, particularly in high-contact sports like football, ice hockey, and soccer. The after-effects can be far-reaching, causing a constellation of mental and physical symptoms that can linger for weeks or even months.

The good news? Concussions are treatable, and with proper management, most young athletes make a full recovery. However, recognising the signs and taking the right steps is crucial.

Forget the Hollywood portrayal. Concussions are not always dramatic events. A child who shows signs of confusion, forgetfulness, or feels “dinged” after a head impact has likely suffered a concussion. The key lies in a change in mental state after the blow.

Ben Trbojevic has entered the NRL’s concussion protocols after failing a HIA in Round 18.

Appeared to have motor incoordination/balance difficulties after direct blow to the head. Likely to miss the Sea Eagles’ next game with associated 11 day stand down period. pic.twitter.com/7s5tCewNk2

— NRL PHYSIO (@nrlphysio) July 7, 2024

The Fog After the Hit: 

The impact of a concussion can be multifaceted. Headaches, fatigue, dizziness, and difficulty concentrating are common complaints. While these symptoms usually resolve within 10 days, some athletes experience a longer-lasting phenomenon known as post-concussion syndrome. This involves persistent physical, mental, emotional, and behavioural issues.

The cause of post-concussion syndrome remains unclear, but it highlights the importance of seeking medical attention after any head injury. A doctor can assess the severity of the concussion and guide the athlete through recovery. This typically involves physical and cognitive rest, with a gradual return to activity as symptoms improve.

Diagnosis and Management

Following a suspected concussion, a medical evaluation is essential. This helps determine the child’s vital signs, level of consciousness, and rule out any serious injuries. In severe cases, like those involving loss of consciousness, a hospital visit is necessary.

However, most concussions can be evaluated “on the field” by a qualified healthcare professional. Standardised sideline concussion assessments have become commonplace, aiding in the immediate diagnosis and removal of the athlete from play.

For a more detailed picture of brain function post-concussion, neuropsychological assessments can be invaluable. This standardised testing, widely used in professional sports leagues and some colleges, evaluates attention, memory, and information processing before and after a head injury.

Monitoring recovery through these tests helps ensure the athlete returns to play only when cognitive function has returned to baseline levels. Implementing similar programs at the high school level could significantly improve concussion management in youth sports.

Rule Changes and Safety Measures

The good news is that sports governing bodies are taking action. Rule changes, like the NCAA’s ban on using the head while tackling in 1976, have significantly reduced head and neck injuries in football. Additionally, the mandatory use and ongoing advancements in helmet design have further bolstered safety.

Strengthening neck muscles through targeted conditioning can also help mitigate the impact of blows to the head. But the responsibility doesn’t end there. Coaches, parents, and athletes themselves must be aware of the signs and symptoms of concussion, and prioritize player safety above all else.

Treatment and Support

If a young athlete sustains a concussion, seeking appropriate medical care is paramount. Open communication with the doctor is crucial, allowing for education on warning signs, post-concussion symptoms, and a gradual return-to-play protocol.

For those who experience persistent difficulties, a comprehensive treatment plan might include education on the healing process, cognitive rehabilitation to address focus and memory issues, psychological support for managing emotional challenges, and in some cases, medication.

Concussions are a serious concern in youth sports, but with increased awareness, better protocols, and a focus on player well-being, we can ensure young athletes continue to develop their skills and passion for the game, all while protecting their precious minds.